Tag: history

  • King Ottokar’s Sceptre — Answers

    Here are the answers to the thirty questions from the last six days.

    Something different will occur over the next few days. I will pose five questions each day for six days across various subjects, and each answer will begin with a distinct letter of the alphabet. As you likely deduced, five questions per day across six days yields thirty answers, each starting with a unique letter, leaving four unaccounted for. Consequently, four duplicates exist; in their order of appearance, they spell the name of a villainous figure from the eighth volume of a comic originally serialised in the first half of the 20th century. Although this character is not widely known, the aim is to correctly identify the second, duplicate iteration of these initial letters to reveal the name. The answers will not be given on the same day as the questions but at the end.

    Day One

    One

    Moloko Plus, a barbiturate-spiked milk drink, features in which Anthony Burgess novel?

    Answer: A Clockwork Orange.

    Moloko Plus, from the Russian word for milk, is a barbiturate-spiked milk served in the Korova Milk Bar.


    Two

    What is the only planet in our solar system named after a Greek god rather than a Roman one?

    Answer: Uranus.

    Roughly seven decades after its discovery, the planet named after the Greek god Uranus.


    Three

    Israel defeated Egypt, Jordan and Syria in the deftly named 5–10 June 1967 war?

    Answer: Six-day War.

    Tensions had escalated sharply after Egypt closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping, prompting Israel to launch surprise pre-emptive airstrikes on 5 June that destroyed much of Egypt’s air force. Israeli ground offensives then rapidly captured territory on the Egyptian, Jordanian and Syrian fronts in the Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, East Jerusalem and Golan Heights.


    Four

    What English archaeologist, army officer, diplomat and writer had the forenames Thomas Edward?

    Answer: T.E. Lawrence.

    Thomas Edward Lawrence, known as Lawrence of Arabia, was a British officer, archaeologist, and writer. He played a key role in the Arab Revolt during WWI, capturing Damascus in 1918. Post-war, he worked in the Foreign Office, published Seven Pillars of Wisdom, and contributed to RAF rescue motorboat development.


    Five

    Which letter represents tungsten within the periodic table of elements?

    Answer: W.

    The W is from German Wolfram, which it is also known as. Tungsten is used in English and French, while wolfram is preferred in many European languages and yields the symbol W. Wolfram was accepted by IUPAC in 1949 but revised in 1950; tungsten remains common in Britain and the United States.


    Day Two

    Six

    How many times were the Olympic Games held in Asia during the 20th century?

    Answer: Four.

    During the 20th century (1901–2000), the Olympic Games were held in Asia four times. The Summer Games were staged in 1964 in Tokyo, Japan, and 1988 in Seoul, South Korea. The Winter Games took place in 1972 in Sapporo and 1998 in Nagano, both in Japan.


    Seven

    Farrokh Bulsara became a chemical element, which one?

    Answer: Mercury.

    Freddie Mercury, born Farrokh Bulsara, co-founded Queen with Brian May and Roger Taylor. A British singer, songwriter and pianist, he gained global fame through his vocal range and theatrical style that shaped the band’s artistic direction.


    Eight

    Scientists think the … is a giant spherical shell surrounding the Sun, planets and Kuiper Belt Objects. It’s like a big, thick bubble around our solar system, made of icy, comet-like objects.

    NASA Science

    The statement above comes from NASA Science’s website; which two words have been omitted from it?

    Answer: Oort Cloud.

    Jan Oort proposed the Oort Cloud, a distant spherical shell of icy bodies spanning 2,000–100,000 AU (Astronomical units).


    Nine

    First appearing in the 1979 novel Jailbird, the fictional Ramjac Corporation appears in the writings of which US author?

    Answer: Kurt Vonnegut.

    RAMJAC Corporation, a fictional megacorp in Kurt Vonnegut’s Jailbird, at its peak owns 19 percent of the United States, double the next largest conglomerate in the Free World.


    Ten

    Which religion’s traditional religious dress includes the kushti and sedreh?

    Answer: Zoroastrianism.

    The sedreh is the sacred Zoroastrian undergarment worn with the kushti, or sacred girdle. Both garments form an important part of Zoroastrian religious dress.


    Day Three

    Eleven

    What is the only capital city that features in the Nato phonetic alphabet?

    Answer: Lima.

    Lima is both the capital and the largest city of Peru.


    Twelve

    Which Walter Scott story features Lady Rowena?

    Answer: Ivanhoe: A Romance or Ivanhoe.

    Published in December 1819 as a Waverley novel, Ivanhoe by Walter Scott shifted to the 1190s high-medieval period and became his best-known work with many twentieth-century adaptations.


    Thirteen

    Which letter comes between epsilon and eta in the Greek alphabet?

    Answer: Zeta.

    Zeta is the sixth Greek alphabet letter, pronounced /ˈziːtə/ in the UK and /ˈzeɪtə/ in the US. It has a numerical value of 7 and originates from the Phoenician letter zayin. Zeta influenced the Roman Z and Cyrillic З. The Greek letter zeta was named differently from its Phoenician origin, following the pattern of beta, eta, and theta. Zed, the name for the Latin letter Z in Commonwealth English, derives from zeta. Swedish and many Romance languages use zeta for both Greek and Roman Z forms.


    Fourteen

    The dollar is the currency of which nation on Borneo’s northern coast?

    Answer: Brunei (aka Brunei Darussalam).

    Officially Brunei Darussalam, a Southeast Asian nation on Borneo’s northern coast, is an absolute monarchy led by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah since 1967. The currency is the Brunei dollar (BND). Rich in petroleum and natural gas, it achieved significant economic growth in the 1990s-2000s. Brunei is highly developed, politically stable, and a member of several international organisations.


    Fifteen

    Who wrote the song Mama Told Me Not To Come?

    Answer: Randy Newman.

    Composed by Randy Newman for Eric Burdon in 1966, ‘Mama Told Me Not to Come’ topped the US Billboard Hot 100 through Three Dog Night in 1970; Tom Jones and Stereophonics reached number four in the UK in 2000.


    Day Four

    Sixteen

    Which West Indian dance shares its name with the first circle of Hell in Dante’s Inferno?

    Answer: Limbo.

    Limbo, originating in Trinidad and Tobago wakes, involves passing under a low bar. Julia Edwards popularised it in the 1950s and toured globally from the 1960s. Limbo, from Latin limbus, denotes a medieval Catholic afterlife state for those dying in original sin without assignment to Hell.


    Seventeen

    What are coloured differently in a person with heterochromia?

    Answer: Eyes.

    Heterochromia involves colour variation in irises, hair or skin, driven by melanin production, delivery and concentration. It may be inherited or result from genetic mosaicism, chimerism, disease or injury, occurring in humans and certain domesticated breeds.


    Eighteen

    Formed in San Francisco in 1965, this US psychedelic rock group gained a f
    Popular following based on their albums but had no great luck with singles, their biggest hit being ‘ Fresh Air’. The band name has some verbal linkage to the chemical Mercury and to text messaging; what is that three-word name?

    Answer: Quicksilver Messenger Service.

    Formed in 1965 in San Francisco, Quicksilver Messenger Service shaped psychedelic rock with jazz, classical and folk influences. Members included John Cipollina, Gary Duncan, Greg Elmore, David Freiberg, Nicky Hopkins and Dino Valenti. Despite limited singles success, albums reached the Top 30; Duncan and Freiberg toured in 2006.


    Nineteen

    Escudella is a traditional stew-soup of which European region?

    Answer: Catalonia (also Valencia).

    Escudella i carn d’olla is a traditional Catalan and Valencian soup with meat and vegetables. Francesc Eiximenis noted daily consumption in the 14th century. It features a pilota, seasonal vegetables, bones and botifarra.


    Twenty

    Truman Capote described which Breakfast at Tiffany’s character as an ‘American geisha’?

    Answer: Holly Golightly.

    Truman Capote’s 1958 novella Breakfast at Tiffany’s depicts a writer’s New York City memories of neighbour Holly Golightly; a 1961 film adaptation followed.


    Day Five

    Twenty-one

    Who was the first actor to refuse the Academy award for Best Actor?

    Answer: George C Scott.

    George Campbell Scott, an American actor known for stern authority roles, declined his Academy Award for Patton. His accolades include two Golden Globes and two Primetime Emmys; his work spanned stage, film and television, often with wives Colleen Dewhurst and Trish Van Devere.


    Twenty-two

    Which great apes are the heaviest tree-dwelling animals?

    Answer: Orangutang.

    Orangutans, genus Pongo, are arboreal great apes in Indonesia and Malaysia, comprising Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli species. They are solitary, long-lived, fruit-eating apes with reddish-brown hair; dominant males develop cheek pads.


    Twenty-three

    Kashgar, the westernmost Chinese city, is located in which province?

    Answer: Xinjiang.

    Xinjiang, the largest Chinese division, spans 1.6 million square kilometres with 25 million people. Bordering eight countries and three regions, mountain ranges divide the Dzungarian and Tarim basins; only 9.7% is habitable. Ethnic groups include Uyghurs and Han Chinese.


    Twenty-four

    Who was the first racing driver to win the world title in a car made by his own company?

    Answer: Jack Brabham.

    Brabham, an Australian driver and executive, won three Formula One titles (1959, 1960, 1966) and 14 Grands Prix. Co-founding Brabham in 1960, he remains the only champion in an eponymous car. After retiring in 1970, he returned to Australia.


    Twenty-five

    In computing what is half a byte called?

    Answer: Nibble.

    A nibble is four bits, half a byte, and typically represented by one hexadecimal digit. Four-bit systems use nibbles for storage and operations.

    _____________________________

    Day Six

    Twenty-six

    The 1971 film Up Your Legs Forever was directed by John Lennon and which Japanese multimedia artist?

    Answer: Yoko Ono.

    Up Your Legs Forever, filmed in Manhattan by John Lennon and Yoko Ono without permits, follows a script requiring continuous upward shots of 367 pairs of legs. Participants received $1 and a photograph; notable figures included Shirley Clarke and the New York Dolls.


    Twenty-seven

    In 1977, the guillotine was last used to execute French criminals during whose presidency?

    Answer: Valéry Giscard d’Estaing.

    Valéry Giscard d’Estaing was the President of France from 1974 to 1981. The last person to be executed by a government via guillotine was Hamida Djandoubi, a Tunisian murderer, on 10 September 1977 in France.


    Twenty-eight

    Jai alai is a version of what game?

    Answer: Pelota.

    Pelota (Spanish for ball) refers to the popular and shortened names for a number of ball games: Basque pelota, Jai alai, Palla, Pelota mixteca and Pétanque among others.


    Twenty-nine

    Francis Bacon modelled the ‘screaming pope’ in Head VI (1949) on which Spanish painter’s Portrait of Pope Innocent X?

    Answer: Diego Velázquez (in full Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez).

    Diego Velázquez, a Spanish Baroque painter and leading artist for Philip IV, produced works including Las Meninas. His style influenced later artists, and most pieces are held in the Museo del Prado.


    Thirty

    In 1937, Edwin H Land founded which company to exploit the use of a namesake polarising polymer?

    Answer: Polaroid.

    Founded in 1937 by Edwin H. Land, Polaroid Corporation produced instant film and cameras creating the first instant camera, the Land Camera, in 1948. After bankruptcy in 2001 the assets passed through owners until Wiaczesław Smołokowski acquired them in 2017, enabling Impossible Project to rebrand as Polaroid Originals and later Polaroid.


    King Ottokar’s Sceptre

    The four repeated letters – Z, L, O and P – featured on days 3 to 6 and point you towards Zlop. He’s a villain from Hergé’s King Ottokar’s Sceptre, which ran from 1938 to 1939; as I said in the daily introduction he is not well-known but the aim was to identify the duplicate letters. King Ottokar’s Sceptre satirises Nazi expansionism in Europe as Tintin and Snowy stand up for King Muskar XII’s monarchy in Syldavia.


  • Spring to Mind — Answer

    Today’s Answers

    United Nations building.
    Image Wikimedia Commons

    The first question is related to today, 20 August. The subsequent ones relate to each other.

    One

    On 20 August 1968, the Soviet Union led the other member nations of the Warsaw Pact, with the exception of Albania and Romania, in an invasion of Czechoslovakia to end Alexander Dubček’s liberalisation, known as the Prague Spring.

    What country and city respectively are missing from the above statement?

    Answers: Czechoslovakia; Prague.

    The Prague Spring was a period of political liberalisation in Czechoslovakia from January to August 1968, led by Alexander Dubček. It ended with a Soviet-led invasion. Dubček’s reforms included media freedom and decentralisation. Czechoslovakia remained under Soviet control until 1989 and, in 1993, split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.


    Two

    When the Warsaw Pact was established in 1955, how many nations were members, and what were they?

    Answers: Eight; Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Soviet Union.

    The Warsaw Pact, established in 1955, served as a Soviet-led military alliance opposing NATO during the Cold War. It encompassed the Eastern Bloc states listed above; Albania was removed in 1961 and officially left in 1968, while East Germany exited in 1990 and Romania remained an independent, non-Soviet member. Following the Revolutions of 1989 and German reunification, the pact ended in 1991. Former members such as East Germany, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia later joined NATO.


    Three

    The Soviet Union was also known as the USSR; what did this abbreviation stand for in English; and for how many years did it exist?

    Answer: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; 69 years.

    Established in 1922 and ending in 1991, the Soviet Union was a transcontinental communist state directed by the Communist Party from Moscow. Stalin’s leadership produced industrialisation and purges, while World War II resulted in 27 million deaths. Cold War tensions emerged, and reforms under Gorbachev prompted secession and dissolution. As a superpower, it possessed the largest nuclear arsenal and served on the UN Security Council.


    Four

    Name the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council?

    Answer: China, France, Russia, United Kingdom and United States.

    The UN Charter grants China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States permanent Security Council seats with veto power. Ten elected members complete the 15-state body. The permanent members of the UN Security Council, known as the P5, are China, France, Russia, the UK, and the US. They were WWII Allies and possess nuclear weapons and veto power. The Council has 15 members, with 10 elected. Reform proposals face opposition from the Uniting for Consensus movement.


    Five

    The picture above shows the United Nations Building. What body of water is in the foreground of this picture?

    Answer: East River.

    The United Nations headquarters is located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, completed in 1952. It includes the Secretariat, Conference, and General Assembly buildings. Designed by Wallace Harrison, it is extraterritorial under a U.S. treaty. The UN has regional headquarters in Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi, but not its specialised agencies. The East River is not a river but a saltwater tidal estuary and strait in New York City linking Upper New York Bay to Long Island Sound. It separates Brooklyn and Queens from Manhattan and the Bronx.


  • Spring to Mind

    United Nations building.
    Image Wikimedia Commons

    The first question is related to today, 20 August. The subsequent ones relate to each other.

    One

    On 20 August 1968, the Soviet Union led the other member nations of the Warsaw Pact, with the exception of Albania and Romania, in an invasion of … to end Alexander Dubček’s liberalisation, known as the … Spring.

    What country and city respectively are missing from the above statement?


    Two

    When the Warsaw Pact was established in 1955, how many nations were members, and what were they?


    Three

    The Soviet Union was also known as the USSR; what did this abbreviation stand for in English; and for how many years did it exist?


    Four

    Name the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council?


    Five

    The picture above shows the United Nations Building. What body of water is in the foreground of this picture?

    Good luck! I’ll post the answers later.


  • It’s Just Not Cricket — Answers

    Today’s Answers

    See question one. Although this is not the Olympics it is Victorian-era cricket.
    W.G. Grace (right), batting in an 1890s cricket match.
    Image Encyclopædia Britannica

    Today’s first question relates to 19 August. The subsequent questions are not date-related but follow on (continuing the cricketing sayings).

    One

    Cricket first appeared at the Olympic Games in 1900. How many national teams competed in that tournament, and in how many Olympic events has the sport featured?

    Answers: Two; One.

    Cricket at the 1900 Paris Olympics featured only Great Britain and France, with the latter being a mixed team of English expatriates. The match, played over two days with 12-a-side, was won by Great Britain by 158 runs. John Symes preserved the game’s details with a handwritten scorecard. A cricket tournament was planned for the 1904 Summer Olympics in St Louis but was cancelled because there were insufficient entries. Cricket will return to the Olympics in 2028 at Los Angeles.


    Two

    The modern Olympics are numbered in Roman Numerals, for example the second and fifth would be referred to as the II Olympiad and the V Olympiad. What officially were the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing, China known as?

    Answer: XXIX Olympiad.

    Held in Beijing, China, the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing, China, were officially the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. Inspired by Ancient Greece and led by Baron Pierre de Coubertin, the modern Olympic Games began with the Games of the I Olympiad being held in Athens in 1896. The IOC governs the Olympic Movement, adapting to changes like professional athletes, media influence, and global events. The Games include various competitions, rituals, and symbols, fostering international representation and showcasing host cities. The Olympic Games promote global cooperation and cultural exchange. Hosting them offers economic benefits but also presents challenges, impacting infrastructure, tourism, and local communities.


    Three

    What is the IATA code for Beijing Capital International Airport?

    Answer: PEK.

    Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK) is the busier of Beijing’s two international airports, located 32 km northeast of the city centre. Owned by a state-controlled company, it covers 1,480 hectares and opened in 1958. The IATA code PEK derives from the city’s former romanised name, Peking.


    Four

    In 2025 Beijing Capital (question two above) was the 15th busiest airport in the world for passenger traffic. What city’s airport was the world’s busiest that year with 106,302,208 passengers?

    Answer: Atlanta, Georgia, United States.

    Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport has been the world’s busiest since 1998 except in 2020 (Covid), regaining the position in 2021; London has the busiest city airport system.


    Five

    This Province was established as a proprietary colony in 1732 and a royal colony from 1752. One of thirteen, it was named after a reigning British monarch: what monarch?

    Answer: George II.

    The corporate charter for the colony was issued to General James Oglethorpe on 21 April 1732 by George II, the monarch for whom the territory was named. The King’s privy council completed the document on 9 June 1732. George II ruled Great Britain and Ireland from 1727 to 1760, the last monarch born abroad.


    It’s Just Not Cricket

    The post title means that something is contrary to traditional standards of fairness or rectitude, but here it is actually used to mean there are other things as well as cricket in these questions. The questions also link to each other:

    1. Cricket and Olympics
    2. Olympics and Beijing
    3. Beijing and airport
    4. Airport and Georgia
    5. Georgia and George II

  • It’s Just Not Cricket

    See question one. Although this is not the Olympics it is still Victorian-era cricket.
    W.G. Grace (right), batting in an 1890s cricket match.
    Image Encyclopædia Britannica

    Today’s first question relates to 19 August. The subsequent questions are not date-related but follow on (continuing the cricketing sayings).

    One

    Cricket first appeared at the Olympic Games in 1900. How many national teams competed in that tournament, and in how many Olympic events has the sport featured?


    Two

    The modern Olympics are numbered in Roman Numerals, for example the second and fifth would be referred to as the II Olympiad and the V Olympiad. What officially were the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing, China known as?


    Three

    What is the IATA code for Beijing Capital International Airport?


    Four

    In 2025 Beijing Capital (question two above) was the 15th busiest airport in the world for passenger traffic. What city’s airport was the world’s busiest that year with 106,302,208 passengers?


    Five

    This Province was established as a proprietary colony in 1732 and a royal colony from 1752. One of thirteen, it was named after a reigning British monarch: what monarch?


    Good luck! I’ll post the answers later.


  • One Thing Leads to Another — Answer

    Today’s Answers

    Question One.
    Klondikers carrying supplies ascending the Chilkoot Pass, 1898.
    Source

    Today’s first question relates to 17 August and the subsequent ones follow on from the first.

    One

    Set during the Klondike Gold Rush, complete the title of British-Canadian poet Robert Service’s The Shooting of …?

    Answer: Dan McGrew.

    Gold found in 1896 launched the Klondike Gold Rush. Robert William Service, an English-born Canadian writer, became well known for his Klondike poems, including The Shooting of Dan McGrew and The Cremation of Sam McGee. Commercial success from collections such as Songs of a Sourdough allowed for travel and a leisurely life.


    Two

    Which nesosilicate mineral derives its name from the Persian word for ‘gold-hued’?

    Answer: Zircon.

    Zircon is a tetragonal nesosilicate (ZrSiO₄) yielding zirconium and containing hafnium at 1–4%. It precipitates from silicate melts and occurs in varied colours. The name comes from Persian zargun (“gold-hued”), becoming jargoon for light zircons; English zircon derives from German Zirkon.


    Three

    Which Persian king, ruler of the Achaemenid Empire, was assassinated in 465BC by Artabanus, the commander of the royal guard?

    Answer: Xerxes I or Xerxes the Great.

    Founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC, the Achaemenid Empire became the largest of its time, spanning from the Balkans to the Indus Valley. Alexander the Great conquered it in 330 BC; later, the Parthian Empire emerged. Its bureaucracy, tolerance and infrastructure influenced later empires.


    Four

    Alexander the Great extended the Macedonian kingdom as far east as what modern country?

    Answer: India.

    The Beas River, in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab in northwestern India, marked Alexander the Great’s eastern limit in 326 BC after his troops mutinied at Mukerian. Alexander yielded after three days and raised twelve altars; their fate is unknown.


    Five

    What novel by Herman Wouk, which is about a mutiny, was turned into a 1954 film starring Humphrey Bogart?

    Answer: The Caine Mutiny.

    Herman Wouk’s 1951 novel The Caine Mutiny draws on Pacific Theater service to explore officers’ moral choices. A legalistic mutiny during Typhoon Cobra leads to a court-martial climax.


    One Thing Leads to Another

    The post title points to a trail through the questions. One is set during the Klondike Gold Rush; Two derives from Persian for ‘gold-hued’; Three is about a Persian king of the Achaemenid Empire; Four is about the conqueror of the Achaemenid Empire facing a mutiny; and Five is about a fictional mutiny.


  • One Thing Leads to Another

    Question One.
    Klondikers carrying supplies ascending the Chilkoot Pass, 1898.
    Source

    Today’s first question relates to 17 August and the subsequent ones follow on from the first.

    One

    Set during the Klondike Gold Rush, complete the title of British-Canadian poet Robert Service’s The Shooting of …?


    Two

    Which nesosilicate mineral derives its name from the Persian word for ‘gold-hued’?


    Three

    Which Persian king, ruler of the Achaemenid Empire, was assassinated in 465BC by Artabanus, the commander of the royal guard?


    Four

    Alexander the Great extended the Macedonian kingdom as far east as what modern country?


    Five

    What novel by Herman Wouk, which is about a mutiny, was turned into a 1954 film starring Humphrey Bogart?


    Good luck! I’ll post the answers later.


  • No Man is an Island — Answers

    Here are the answers to my earlier questions.

    See question two.
    Ursus arctos middendorffi aka Kodiak Bear.
    Image Wildlife Trip.

    The first date-related question sets a theme for the subsequent questions and/or answers.

    One

    Napoleon Bonaparte was strongly linked to three islands: (i) where he was born on 15 August 1769; (ii) where he was exiled in 1814 and subsequently escaped; and (iii) where he was exiled in 1815 and subsequently died. What are these islands and in what seas or oceans are they found?

    Answers: (i) Corsica, Mediterranean Sea; (ii) Elba, Mediterranean Sea and (iii) Saint Helena, South Atlantic Ocean (or Atlantic Ocean).

    Corsica is a French island in the Mediterranean Sea, known for its mountainous terrain and historical ties to Italy it has a population of 355,528. Napoleon was born in Ajaccio, Corsica in 1769. Elba is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, known for being the site of Napoleon’s first exile from 1814 to 1815. It is the largest island in the Tuscan Archipelago and the third largest in Italy. Saint Helena is a remote volcanic island in the South Atlantic Ocean, part of a British overseas territory. It was uninhabited until the 16th century and served as a crucial stopover for ships between Europe and Asia before the Suez Canal opened. The island is also known for being Napoleon Bonaparte’s second place of exile from 1815 until his death in 1821.


    Two

    Ursus arctos middendorffi, the largest brown bear species, has a common name derived from an archipelago; which archipelago is it, and in what sea or ocean is it located?

    Answer: Kodiak (Archipelago); North Pacific Ocean (or Pacific Ocean).

    The Kodiak bear inhabits the Kodiak Archipelago and is among the largest bears, averaging 1.5 to 2 times larger than other brown bears. Human interactions include hunting and protection efforts; the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and United States Fish and Wildlife Service monitor the population.


    Three

    Puerto Ayora, also called Santa Cruz, is the largest town in which island group, and these islands are part of which country?

    Answers: Galápagos Islands; Ecuador.

    Puerto Ayora, the most populous Galápagos town with 12,696 people, sits on Santa Cruz Island’s southern shore as the seat of Santa Cruz Canton and honours former president, Isidro Ayora.


    Four

    Leaving in about 982 from Snæfellsjökull, one of the westernmost points of …, Erik and a small group of men reached land on the opposite shore of …, a land that had been skirted by the Norwegian Gunnbjörn Ulfsson earlier in the 10th century.
    — Encyclopædia Britannica 

    The above quote from Encyclopædia Britannica has had two island countries removed from it. What are these two countries?

    Answers: Iceland; Greenland.

    Exiled from Iceland around 980, Erik explored and named Greenland, settling at Brattahlid. Returning in 985 or 986, he led 14 ships to Eystribygd, Norse Greenland, establishing a colony of up to 3,000 that lasted until the mid-15th century.


    Five

    What is the second-largest Canadian island, and in what ocean is it found?

    Answers; Victoria Island; Arctic Ocean.

    Victoria Island, Canada’s second-largest landmass, spans Nunavut and the Northwest Territories, supporting 2,168 residents in Cambridge Bay and Ulukhaktok. It lies off the northern coast within the Arctic Ocean, east of the Beaufort Sea. Known in Inuinnaqtun as Kitlineq, the island was named for Queen Victoria and charted by Europeans beginning in 1826.


  • No Man is an Island

    See question two.
    Ursus arctos middendorffi.
    Image Wildlife Trip.

    The first date-related question sets a theme for the subsequent questions and/or answers.

    One

    Napoleon Bonaparte was strongly linked to three islands: (i) where he was born on 15 August 1769; (ii) where he was exiled in 1814 and subsequently escaped; and (iii) where he was exiled in 1815 and subsequently died. What are these islands and in what seas or oceans are they found?


    Two

    Ursus arctos middendorffi, the largest brown bear species, has a common name derived from an archipelago; which archipelago is it, and in what sea or ocean is it located?


    Three

    Puerto Ayora, also called Santa Cruz, is the largest town in which island group, and these islands are part of which country?


    Four

    Leaving in about 982 from Snæfellsjökull, one of the westernmost points of …, Erik and a small group of men reached land on the opposite shore of …, a land that had been skirted by the Norwegian Gunnbjörn Ulfsson earlier in the 10th century.
    — Encyclopædia Britannica 

    The above quote from Encyclopædia Britannica has had two island countries removed from it. What are these two countries?


    Five

    What is the second-largest Canadian island, and in what ocean is it found?


    Good luck! I’ll post the answers later.


  • Seconds Out — Answers

    Here are the answers to my earlier questions.

    See question three.
    Brünnhilde pleads with her sisters to rescue Sieglinde: (Arthur Rackham, 1910).
    Image Wikimedia Commons

    These questions are not date-related but do follow a theme mentioned in the title.

    One

    What is the title of the second volume of J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings novel?

    Answer: The Two Towers.

    Published in 1954, The Two Towers is the second volume of J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings. Its title remains ambiguous, as five towers appear in the text. The narrative creates suspense through interwoven storylines. Critics have praised its epic and romantic qualities, and it became the basis for Peter Jackson’s 2002 film The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers.


    Two

    When it is visible, it is the most brilliant planet in the sky.

    Encyclopædia Britannica

    The above sentence is from an Encyclopædia Britannica article about a planet. What planet?

    Answer: Venus.

    Venus, second from the Sun and closest large body to Earth, appears near sunrise or sunset as the brightest planet. Although today named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty, ancient records, which include Babylonian, Chinese, Central American, Egyptian, and Greek, show it was studied by multiple civilisations.


    Three

    The third drama conceived and written, yet the second opera in Wagner’s tetralogy Der Ring des Nibelungen. Which mythic creatures does this drama take its name from?

    Answer: Valkyries.

    Die Walküre, the second opera in Wagner’s Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung), premiered in Munich in June 1870 and as part of the cycle in 1876. Based on Norse mythology, it follows Volsung twins Sieglinde and Siegmund, whose love angers the gods. Brünnhilde defies them, saving Sieglinde and her unborn child.


    Four

    The … Revolution created the second independent country in the Americas after the United States became independent in 1783.

    — Office of Historian, U.S. Department of State

    An adjective has been omitted from the preceding quote; which nation does the term describe?

    Answer: Haiti.

    Haitian was removed from the quote. The Haitian Revolution established the second independent American nation after the U.S. in 1783. Haiti, formerly St. Domingue, was a profitable French colony reliant on slave labour. The French Revolution sparked a slave revolt in 1791, led by Toussaint L’Ouverture. U.S. leaders, many of whom were slaveowners, were ambivalent about the revolt. Initially, they aided its suppression but later supported L’Ouverture. Due to policy shifts and domestic issues, the U.S. didn’t recognise Haiti’s independence until 1862. Jefferson initially aided L’Ouverture but later isolated Haiti.


    Five

    Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s second Sherlock Holmes novel involves the theft of the Agra treasure. What is the title of the novel?

    Answer: The Sign of the Four (aka The Sign of Four).

    The Sign of the Four is Arthur Conan Doyle’s second novel featuring Sherlock Holmes. In it, he investigates Mary Morstan’s case involving her missing father. Dr Watson, Holmes’ companion, marries Mary Morstan. Published in February 1890 it followed the first novel, A Study in Scarlet