The ? as depicted in the Anthony Roll of the 1540s. See question one. Image Wikimedia Commons
The first question relates to today’s date. The others aren’t date-related but build on the theme established in the first.
One
This English carrack-type warship, built for the king’s navy and involved in a battle with the French that resulted in its sinking in the Solent on 19 July 1545, had its wreck rediscovered by salvagers in 1971, ultimately leading to the opening of a museum dedicated to its history at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard in 2013. What is the warship’s name and for what king’s navy was it built?
Two
Although not the first such instance the action of soldiers and sailors during the 1852 sinking of HMS Birkenhead made which maritime protocol more prominent?
Three
What 1960 musical and 1964 musical film told the story of a woman who survived the sinking of the Titanic?
Four
What ship did Ernest Shackleton and his Trans-Antarctic Expedition lose in 1915 when it was crushed by ice and sank?
Five
Which US state’s name completes this: the 1864 Battle of Cherbourg is also known as the Sinking of CSS…?
A picture of the band Les Horribles Cernettes taken on 18 July 1992 later led to what technological first?
Answer: The first non-technical picture uploaded to the web.
In 1992, Silvano de Gennaro started the Cern Hardronic Festival, leading to the first non-technical photo uploaded to the web: the Cernettes. The image, 120×50 pixels, took a minute to load. Now scattered globally, the Cernettes reunited in 2012, celebrating their iconic status and historical significance. It is recognised by Guinness World Records as the ‘First photo posted to the World Wide Web’ but it is more spcifically the ‘the first non-technical photo uploaded to the web’.
Two
Who is the first, and to date only, First Lady of the United States to have won an award at the Emmys?
Answer: Jacqueline Kennedy.
Jacqueline Kennedy received a Trustees Award at the 1962 Emmys, accepted by Lady Bird Johnson, for her television special A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy, which aired on 14 February 1962. The broadcast, watched by over 100 million globally, highlighted a restoration. Kennedy’s award is housed at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
Three
In 1958, Billboard‘s Hot 100 premiered as an all-genre singles chart with Poor Little Fool being the first number one. Two questions:
What act achieved that first number one?
By 18 July 2026, to the nearest hundred, how many different number one entries has there been?
Answers
Ricky Nelson
≈ 1,200 (1,194 exactly)
The Billboard Hot 100 is a U.S. music chart ranking songs based on sales, streaming, and radio airplay. Released weekly on Tuesdays, it reflects data from Friday to Thursday. Since July 2015, sales and streaming are tracked weekly, with radio airplay following the same cycle since July 2021. Poor Little Fool by Ricky Nelson was the first Billboard Hot 100 number-one song on August 4, 1958. By July 18, 2026, the chart had 1,194 different number-one entries. The current top song is Choosin’ Texas by Ella Langley.
Astronomers announced in 2026 that they’d detected an atmosphere around an Earth-like planet in the habitable zone of another star for the first time. This planet, named LHS 1140 b, is how far away from Earth:
49 light years
76 light years
127 light years
Answer: 49 light years.
Astronomers discovered an atmosphere on LHS 1140 b, an Earth-like planet in the habitable zone, marking a milestone in the search for alien life. The planet, 1.7 times Earth’s width and 5.6 times its mass, retains helium, suggesting potential water presence. Findings published in Science, based on 2024 observations, highlight atmospheric stability.
Five
Who was the first woman inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame?
Answer: Aretha Franklin.
Lady Soul. The first woman inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, Aretha Franklin was an artist of passion, sophistication and command, whose recordings remain anthems that defined soul music. Long live the Queen. — Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena
The post title, which was brought to mind by question four, is a quote by American scientist Carl Sagan –
The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena Carl Sagan — James Webb discovery
Astronomers announced in 2026 that they’d detected an atmosphere around an Earth-like planet in the habitable zone of another star for the first time. This planet, named LHS 1140 b, is how far away from Earth:
49 light years
76 light years
127 light years
Five
Who was the first woman inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame?
The first question concerns today’s date, 15 July. The others are unrelated to the date but share a nautical theme.
One
On 15 July 1815, almost a month after his defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon surrendered to the captain of a British warship. Named after a son of Poseidon and Eurynome from Greek mythology, what was the warship’s name?
Answer: HMS Bellerophon.
Following his defeat at Waterloo in July 1815, Napoleon sought refuge aboard the British warship HMS Bellerophon, surrendering to Captain Maitland. This marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Transported to England on Bellerophon, he was kept isolated from the public though word of his presence eventually leaked out attracting sightseers. After two weeks in Plymouth harbour, Napoleon learned of his exile to Saint Helena and was transferred to HMS Northumberlandfor the journey.
Two
Which warship was scuttled in Montevideo harbour on the 17th December 1939 after the Battle of the River Plate?
Answer: Admiral Graf Spee.
Admiral Graf Spee, a Deutschland-class Panzerschiff of Nazi Germany’s Kriegsmarine during World War II, was named after Admiral Maximilian von Spee. Exceeding the Treaty of Versailles’ size limit, she sank nine vessels in 1939 before the Battle of the River Plate. Convinced by false British reports suggesting superiority in gathering British numbers, she was ultimately scuttled in Montevideo.
Three
Cher’s use of a ship for the 1989 music video caused offence. Which song was it for and which ship was it filmed on?
Answer: If I Could Turn Back Time; USS Missouri.
The If I Could Turn Back Time video, directed by Marty Callner, features Cher performing on the USS Missouri with her band and son. Filmed in 1989, it faced controversy over Cher’s revealing outfit, leading to network bans. The Navy supported the shoot for recruitment, despite criticism from WWII veterans. No Navy officials faced discipline for supporting the video, despite the Secretary of the Navy considering firing the USS Missouri captain. However, other Navy sections praised the event.
Four
The third published novel in C.S. Lewis’s The Chronicles of Narnia features a ship’s name in its title. What is that ship’s name?
Answer: Dawn Treader.
The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, a 1952 novel by C. S. Lewis, is the third published in The Chronicles of Narnia. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes, it follows Edmund, Lucy, and Eustace as they join King Caspian X on a quest to find the seven lost Lords of Narnia.
Five
After being appointed in 1768 to lead a joint Royal Society and Admiralty expedition, Captain James Cook circumnavigated the world aboard HMS Endeavour. What size was the ship Endeavour approximately:
98 feet (30 m) and 368 tons
175 feet (53 m) and 1,954 tons
248 feet (75 m) and 2,998 tons
Answer: 98 feet (30 m) and 368 tons.
In 1768, the Royal Society and Admiralty appointed James Cook, aged 40, to lead a Pacific expedition. He commanded HMS Endeavour, a sturdy Whitby bark, to Tahiti for observing Venus’s transit and to find Terra Australis. Scientists included Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander, with Cook as an astronomer. James Cook’s Endeavour charted New Zealand and discovered Australia’s east coast, navigating the Great Barrier Reef. Despite grounding and repairs, Cook returned to England, avoiding scurvy by ensuring cleanliness, ventilation, and a nutritious diet. Tragically, 30 crew members died of fever and dysentery in Batavia.
The first question concerns today’s date, 15 July. The others are unrelated to the date but share a nautical theme.
One
On 15 July 1815, almost a month after his defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon surrendered to the captain of a British warship. Named after a son of Poseidon and Eurynome from Greek mythology, what was the warship’s name?
Two
Which warship was scuttled in Montevideo harbour on the 17th December 1939 after the Battle of the River Plate?
Three
Cher’s use of a ship for the 1989 music video caused offence. Which song was it for and which ship was it filmed on?
Four
The third published novel in C.S. Lewis’s The Chronicles of Narnia features a ship’s name in its title. What is that ship’s name?
Five
After being appointed in 1768 to lead a joint Royal Society and Admiralty expedition, Captain James Cook circumnavigated the world aboard HMS Endeavour. What size was the ship Endeavour approximately:
Today’s first question centres around the date 12th July and a Wild West legend. The subsequent questions aren’t date-related but continue the legend theme.
One
On 12 July 1861, Wild Bill Hickok supposedly fought his first gunfight in which three men died. Hickok was acquitted in court after claiming self-defence. The court papers referred to Hickok by which of these names: Dollar Bill; Double Bill or Duck Bill?
Answer: Duck Bill.
In 1861, in Rock Creek, Nebraska, a legend began as Wild Bill Hickok reportedly engaged in his first gunfight at a postal station. This event marked the start of his storied reputation in the Wild West. James Butler Hickok, known for his adventurous life, survived a bear attack and worked at a Pony Express station. A confrontation with David McCanles over rent turned violent, resulting in McCanles and two men’s deaths. Hickok, called ’Duck Bill’ in the court records, was acquitted, claiming self-defence.
Two
In which Rossini opera is Gesler, the Austrian governor of Uri and Schwyz, the villain?
Answer: William Tell (or Italian: Guglielmo Tell; French: Guillaume Tell).
William Tell, a legendary Swiss folk hero, is renowned for shooting an apple off his son’s head and assassinating tyrant Albrecht Gessler. His defiance inspired Swiss rebellion, leading to the Confederacy’s formation. Emerging in 1307, Tell symbolises Swiss identity and resistance, influencing the 19th-century Restoration and 1848 Revolutions. There is no definitive evidence of Tell’s existence. Guillaume Tell is a French-language opera by Gioachino Rossini, based on the William Tell legend. It was Rossini’s last opera, featuring a famous overture with a storm and the March of the Swiss Soldiers.
Three
Born Robert MacGregor, this Scottish Jacobite outlaw and folk hero inspired a novel, a play, an operetta and several films. What was he better known as?
Answer: Rob Roy.
Robert Roy MacGregor was a Jacobite Scottish outlaw born on 7 March 1671 and died on 28 December 1734. He later became a folk hero in Scotland and among Jacobites. An 1817 novel by Walter Scott based on MacGregor’s life was the basis for a play and an overture.
Four
Gjergj Kastrioti, known as Skanderbeg, is a national hero from the 15th century. In what modern-day country is he a hero for uniting principalities and influencing national awakening?
Answer: Albania.
Skanderbeg (Gjergj Kastrioti) was an Albanian nobleman and military leader who led the League of Lezhë against the Ottomans. A national hero, he deserted the Ottomans in 1443, unified Albanian principalities, and allied with Naples. Skanderbeg is celebrated for his persistent resistance and influence on the Albanian National Awakening.
Five
Which of these is a film that is the 1993 retelling of the Robin Hood story?
Robin Hood: Men in Sherwood
Robin Hood: Men in Tights
Robin Hood: Men in Uttoxeter
Answer: Robin Hood: Men in Tights
Robin Hood, a legendary 14th-century English outlaw, rebelled against authority by robbing officials and aiding the poor, primarily in South Yorkshire. His main adversary was the Sheriff of Nottingham. Despite numerous attempts, his historical existence remains unproven, with claims likely originating from an 18th-century fabrication. Robin Hood: Men in Tights is a 1993 Mel Brooks comedy film parodying the Robin Hood story, starring Cary Elwes and Richard Lewis.
Today’s first question centres around the date 12th July and a Wild West legend. The subsequent questions aren’t date-related but continue the legend theme.
One
On 12 July 1861, Wild Bill Hickok supposedly fought his first gunfight in which three men died. Hickok was acquitted in court after claiming self-defence. The court papers referred to Hickok by which of these names: Dollar Bill; Double Bill or Duck Bill?
Two
In which Rossini opera is Gesler, the Austrian governor of Uri and Schwyz, the villain?
Three
Born Robert MacGregor, this Scottish Jacobite outlaw and folk hero inspired a novel, a play, an operetta and several films. What was he better known as?
Four
Gjergj Kastrioti, known as Skanderbeg, is a national hero from the 15th century. In what modern-day country is he a hero for uniting principalities and influencing national awakening?
Five
Which of these is a film that is the 1993 retelling of the Robin Hood story?
Today’s first question is about the date 11 July. The other questions aren’t date-related but share a theme beginning with the first question.
One
At dawn on 11 July 1804, the U.S. vice president took part in a duel which resulted in Alexander Hamilton being fatally wounded.
Who was the vice president involved in this duel
What was Hamilton’s senior role in the U.S. government of George Washington between September 1789 and January 1795?
Answers
Aaron Burr
1st United States Secretary of the Treasury The Burr–Hamilton duel occurred on July 11, 1804, in Weehawken, New Jersey, between U.S. Vice President Aaron Burr and former Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton. Burr fatally shot Hamilton, weakening the Federalist Party and ending Burr’s career. The duel followed a long-standing political rivalry and was near Hamilton’s son’s duel site. Lin-Manuel Miranda’s Broadway musical Hamilton, based on Ron Chernow’s biography, debuted in 2015 and received critical acclaim, winning numerous awards including the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and 11 Tony Awards. The musical’s popularity even influenced the decision to keep Alexander Hamilton on the ten-dollar bill.
Two
The US vice-president referred to in question one was in that role during which president’s first term?
Answer: Thomas Jefferson
Aaron Burr Jr. (1756-1836) was the third US vice president (1801-1805) and a Democratic-Republican. He is remembered for the above duel and his conspiracy to form an independent country.
Three
Who was Richard Nixon’s first Vice President?
Answer: Spiro Agnew.
Spiro Agnew, the 39th U.S. vice president, served from 1969 to 1973 under Nixon. A Republican, he was Maryland’s governor and Baltimore County executive. Agnew resigned amid a tax evasion investigation, unrelated to Watergate. He later wrote a memoir and novel, blaming Zionists for his downfall, and died in 1996.
Four
Which TV crime drama’s theme tune was a Billboard Hot 100 number one for Jan Hammer in 1985?
Answer: Miami Vice, aka Miami Vice Theme.
Miami Vice Theme by Jan Hammer, the theme song for the TV series, topped the Billboard Hot 100 in 1985 and won Grammy Awards in 1986. The music video features Hammer as a fugitive, performing the theme while being chased by the show’s main characters.
Five
What former U.K. Deputy Prime Minister became Facebook’s vice-president of global affairs and communications in 2018?
Answer: Nick Clegg.
Sir Nicholas Clegg, born in 1967, was UK Deputy Prime Minister (2010-2015) and Liberal Democrat leader (2007-2015). Educated at Cambridge, he served as an MEP and MP. Clegg’s coalition with Conservatives led to controversy over tuition fees. Post-politics, he joined Facebook, becoming vice-president for global affairs and communications, a post he left in 2025. In 2026, Clegg joined the board of British AI startup NScale.
Vice Versa
The title originates from Latin and translates to ‘in-turned position’. It doesn’t have any direct relevance to today’s question aside from the word “vice” which appears in each question and answer groupings.
The first question concerns today’s date, 10th July. The others aren’t date-related but connect to the first.
One
On 10 July 1985, the flagship of a campaigning organisation sank after explosions caused by two bombs planted by agents of the Directorate General for External Security. Four questions:
What was the name of the ship?
For what campaigning organisation was it the flagship?
At a harbour in what city did the sinking occur?
What nationality was the organisation which planted the bombs?
Answers
Rainbow Warrior
Greenpeace
Auckland, New Zealand
French
The sinking of Rainbow Warrior on 10 July 1985, codenamed Opération Satanique, was a French state-terrorism act. The Rainbow Warrior was docked in Auckland prior to sailing to lead planned protests against French nuclear testing at Mururoa Atoll in French Polynesia in the South Pacific. Two French operatives sank the Greenpeace ship in Auckland, killing photographer Fernando Pereira. France initially denied involvement but later apologised, paid reparations, and the agents served two years in French Polynesia.
Two
This 1947 musical is set in ‘Missitucky’, U.S. and features a newly arrived Irishman, his daughter and a leprechaun named Og. What is this musical?
Answer: Finian’s Rainbow.
Finian’s Rainbow follows Irishman Finian and daughter Sharon in Missitucky (a concoction of Missi-ssippi and Ken-tucky), where he buries a stolen leprechaun’s gold, believing wealth will follow. Leprechaun Og pursues the gold, turning increasingly human. A wish leads to chaos: transforming a bigoted senator, while love blossoms, and moral lessons unfold about dreams, humanity, prejudice, and the folly of greed.
Three
Which metallic element derives its name from the Greek goddess of the rainbow?
Answer: Iridium
iridium /ɪˈrɪdiəm, ʌɪˈrɪdiəm/ ♫ ▶ noun [mass noun] (Symbol: Ir) the chemical element of atomic number 77, a hard, dense silvery-white metal. Iridium is a member of the transition series and is one of the densest metals. Iridium–platinum alloys are hard and corrosion-resistant and are used in jewellery and for electrical contacts – ORIGIN early 19th century: modern Latin, from Latin iris, irid– ‘rainbow’ (so named because it forms compounds of various colours). — Oxford English Dictionary
Four
What is the common name for the bird pictured at the top of this post?
Answer: Rainbow lorikeet.
Rainbow lorikeets (Trichoglossus moluccanus), a parrot species native to Australia, inhabit rainforests, coastal bush, and woodlands along the eastern seaboard. Rainbow lorikeets are medium-sized parrots with bright, colourful plumage. Males and females are visually indistinguishable, requiring surgical sexing or DNA analysis to determine sex.
Five
A ballad by Harold Arlen with lyrics by Yip Harburg was written for a 1939 film where it would be sung by a character whose name in part is ‘Gale’. The song contains a reference to bluebirds.
What is the song?
What is the full name of ‘Gale’?
What is the film?
Answers
Over the Rainbow
Dorothy Gale
The Wizard of Oz
Over the Rainbow, a ballad by Harold Arlen and Yip Harburg, was sung by Judy Garland in The Wizard of Oz (1939). It won an Academy Award, became Garland’s signature song, and was inducted into the National Recording Registry in 2017 for its cultural significance.
Over the Rainbow
Somewhere over the rainbow way up high There’s a land that I heard of once in a lullaby Somewhere over the rainbow skies are blue And the dreams that you dare to dream really do come true
Someday I’ll wish upon a star And wake up where the clouds are far Behind me Where troubles melt like lemon drops Away above the chimney tops That’s where you’ll find me
Somewhere over the rainbow bluebirds fly Birds fly over the rainbow Why then, oh, why can’t I?
If happy little bluebirds fly Beyond the rainbow Why, oh, why can’t I? — AZ Lyrics
ROYGBIV
The mnemonic ROYGBIV helps remember the colours of the rainbow: Richard of York gave battle in vain.
(mnemonic) A mnemonic phrase to help remember the order of the seven colours of the rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. Wiktionary
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