Quizology.Online

“There is much pleasure to be gained from useless knowledge.”

— Bertrand Russell

Tag: science

  • Stand Trial — Answers

    Fossil of a coelacanth.
    Image Wikimedia Commons

    The first question relates to today’s date, 21 July. The remainder are neither date-related nor themed.

    One

    The ‘Scopes Monkey Trial’, which came to a conclusion on 21 July 1925 centred on whether a high school teacher had violated a state law by teaching what scientific theory?

    Answer: The theory of evolution by natural selection.

    The Scopes Trial took place in Dayton, Tennessee, after teacher John T. Scopes was accused of violating the state’s Butler Act, which prohibited teaching human evolution in public schools. Although Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 (a conviction later overturned on ##a technicality), the trial became an international symbol of the clash between modern science and religious fundamentalism. It also featured a celebrated courtroom confrontation between prosecutor William Jennings Bryan and defence attorney Clarence Darrow.

    Two

    What was the first man-made object to reach the surface of the Moon, and in what year did it do so?

    Answer: Luna 2; 1959.

    The Soviet Union’s Luna 2 launched on 12 September 1959 became the following day the first spacecraft to impact the Moon, depositing Soviet emblems and detecting no magnetic field or radiation belts. Nikita S. Khrushchev gave a replica pennant to Dwight D. Eisenhower; it is held in his Presidential Library in Abilene, Kansas.

    Three

    A fish found off East Africa in 1938 was of a species which had existed from more than 410 million years ago until it was believed to have become extinct around 66 million years ago. What is this fish?

    Answer: Coelacanth.

    Coelacanths are an ancient group of lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii) in the class Actinistia. As sarcopterygians, they are more closely related to lungfish and tetrapods (the terrestrial vertebrates including living amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) than to ray-finned fish. There is only a single living genus, Latimeria, with two described species. The name coelacanth originates from the Permian genus Coelacanthus. Thought extinct 66 million years ago, Latimeria chalumnae was found in 1938, and Latimeria menadoensis in the late 1990s. Despite being called ‘living fossils’, fossil studies show diverse ancient forms, challenging this status.

    Four

    Mel Gibson’s title character fights a motorcycle gang led by Toecutter in which 1979 film?

    Answer: Mad Max.

    In a near-future Australia, oil shortages and ecocide undermine order. Nightrider kills a Main Force Patrol officer and escapes in a Pursuit Special until Max Rockatansky forces a fatal crash, killing Nightrider and his girlfriend.

    Five

    What is the northernmost geographic location in the United States?

    Answer: Point Barrow.

    Point Barrow, or Nuvuk, is Alaska and the U.S.’S northernmost point. It is at 71°23′20″N 156°28′45″W and is 9 miles northeast of Utqiagvik and 1,122 nautical miles south of the North Pole. It separates the Chukchi and Beaufort seas.

  • Stand Trial

    Fossil of a ?
    See question three.
    Image Wikimedia Commons

    The first question relates to today’s date, 21 July. The remainder are neither date-related nor themed.

    One

    The ‘Scopes Monkey Trial’, which came to a conclusion on 21 July 1925 centred on whether a high school teacher had violated a state law by teaching what scientific theory?

    Two

    What was the first man-made object to reach the surface of the Moon, and in what year did it do so?

    Three

    A fish found off East Africa in 1938 was of a species which had existed from more than 410 million years ago until it was believed to have become extinct around 66 million years ago. What is this fish?

    Four

    Mel Gibson’s title character fights a motorcycle gang led by Toecutter in which 1979 film?

    Five

    What is the northernmost geographic location in the United States?

    Good luck! I’ll post the answers later.

  • Now I am Become Death, the Destroyer of Worlds — Answers

    Here are today’s answers.

    Trinity Test, Jack W. Aeby, July 16, 1945.
    Image Wikimedia Commons

    The first question relates to today’s date, 16 July. The subsequent questions follow a theme established by the first.

    One

    The world’s first atomic bomb exploded in a test on 16 July. 

    • What code name was given to the test?
    • In what year was the test?, and
    • In what U.S. state was the test site located?

    Answers

    • Trinity
    • 1945
    • New Mexico

    The Trinity test, the first nuclear detonation, occurred on July 16, 1945, in New Mexico as part of the Manhattan Project. Directed by Kenneth Bainbridge, it tested an implosion-design plutonium bomb, releasing 25 kilotons of energy and creating trinitite. Observed by 425 people, the site became a National Historic Landmark in 1965. The Manhattan Project established Los Alamos for nuclear weapon development, leading to the first atomic bomb, Gadget, tested at the Trinity Site. The Trinity Site is now a national historic landmark with limited public access.

    Two

    When asked why he chose the nuclear test code name referred to in question one above, Robert Oppenheimer alluded to the work of which English poet?

    Answer: John Donne.

    In 1962 Oppenheimer said:

    Why I chose the name is not clear, but I know what thoughts were in my mind. There is a poem of John Donne, written just before his death, which I know and love.” Oppenheimer then quoted the sonnet “Hymn to God, My God, in My Sickness” about a man unafraid to die because he believed in resurrection.

    Oppenheimer continued: 

    That still does not make a Trinity, but in another, better-known devotional poem Donne opens, ‘Batter my heart, three person’d God.’ Beyond this, I have no clues whatever.
    — Los Alamos National Laboratory

    Three

    Who is traditionally said to have used a clover-like plant, which is now a national symbol, as a metaphor for a Christian doctrine, and what was the plant?

    Answer: St. Patrick; shamrock.

    In 5th-century Ireland, Saint Patrick reportedly used the shamrock to explain the Holy Trinity to pagans. Today, the shamrock is Ireland’s national symbol and a key emblem of Saint Patrick’s Day, celebrated worldwide with parades and festivities.

    Four

    Which charity is the official authority for lighthouses in England and Wales?

    Answer: Trinity House.

    Trinity House, established in 1514, is the UK’s largest maritime charity and General Lighthouse Authority for England, Wales, the Channel Islands, and Gibraltar. It ensures maritime safety through navigation aids, pilot licensing, and audits. Annually, it donates £4m to support cadet training, retired mariners’ welfare, and sea safety education.

    Five

    Of the seven surviving British and Irish medieval and early modern universities founded before 1600 AD, one with a name appropriate for this theme was founded in 1592. Under what name was this 1592 establishment founded?

    Answer: Trinity College Dublin (Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath).

    (or in full The Provost, Fellows and Scholars of the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin (Coláiste Thríonóid Naofa Neamhroinnte na Banríona Eilís gar do Bhaile Átha Cliath)).

    Trinity College Dublin, founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I, is Ireland’s oldest university and a member of LERU and the Coimbra Group. It houses the Book of Kells and has notable alumni like Oscar Wilde and Jonathan Swift. The college, a major tourist destination, has an academic partnership with Oxford and Cambridge.

    Now I am Become Death, the Destroyer of Worlds

    Robert Oppenheimer later recalled a moment, after the Trinity Test, when the line ‘Now I am Become Death, the Destroyer of Worlds’ from the Hindu scripture the Bhagavad Gita came to mind.

  • Now I am Become Death, the Destroyer of Worlds

    Trinity Test, Jack W. Aeby, July 16, ?
    Image Wikimedia Commons

    The first question relates to today’s date, 16 July. The subsequent questions follow a theme established by the first.

    One

    The world’s first atomic bomb exploded in a test on 16 July. 

    • What code name was given to the test?
    • In what year was the test?, and
    • In what U.S. state was the test site located?

    Two

    When asked why he chose the nuclear test code name referred to in question one above, Robert Oppenheimer alluded to the work of which English poet?

    Three

    Who is traditionally said to have used a clover-like plant, which is now a national symbol, as a metaphor for a Christian doctrine, and what was the plant?

    Four

    Which charity is the official authority for lighthouses in England and Wales?

    Five

    Of the seven surviving British and Irish medieval and early modern universities founded before 1600 AD, one with a name appropriate for this theme was founded in 1592. Under what name was this 1592 establishment founded?

    Good luck! I’ll post the answers later.

  • ROYGBIV — ANSWERS

    Here’s today’s answers.

    Rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus moluccanus moluccanus), Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Image Wikimedia Commons

    The first question concerns today’s date, 10th July. The others aren’t date-related but connect to the first.

    One

    On 10 July 1985, the flagship of a campaigning organisation sank after explosions caused by two bombs planted by agents of the Directorate General for External Security.  Four questions:

    • What was the name of the ship? 
    • For what campaigning organisation was it the flagship?
    • At a harbour in what city did the sinking occur?
    • What nationality was the organisation which planted the bombs?

    Answers

    • Rainbow Warrior
    • Greenpeace
    • Auckland, New Zealand
    • French

    The sinking of Rainbow Warrior on 10 July 1985, codenamed Opération Satanique, was a French state-terrorism act. The Rainbow Warrior was docked in Auckland prior to sailing to lead planned protests against French nuclear testing at Mururoa Atoll in French Polynesia in the South Pacific. Two French operatives sank the Greenpeace ship in Auckland, killing photographer Fernando Pereira. France initially denied involvement but later apologised, paid reparations, and the agents served two years in French Polynesia.

    Two

    This 1947 musical is set in ‘Missitucky’, U.S. and features a newly arrived Irishman, his daughter and a leprechaun named Og. What is this musical?

    Answer: Finian’s Rainbow.

    Finian’s Rainbow follows Irishman Finian and daughter Sharon in Missitucky (a concoction of Missi-ssippi and Ken-tucky), where he buries a stolen leprechaun’s gold, believing wealth will follow. Leprechaun Og pursues the gold, turning increasingly human. A wish leads to chaos: transforming a bigoted senator, while love blossoms, and moral lessons unfold about dreams, humanity, prejudice, and the folly of greed.

    Three

    Which metallic element derives its name from the Greek goddess of the rainbow?

    Answer: Iridium

    iridium /ɪˈrɪdiəm, ʌɪˈrɪdiəm/ ♫
    ▶ noun [mass noun] (Symbol: Ir) the chemical element of atomic number 77, a hard, dense silvery-white metal.
    Iridium is a member of the transition series and is one of the densest metals. Iridium–platinum alloys are hard and corrosion-resistant and are used in jewellery and for electrical contacts
    – ORIGIN early 19th century: modern Latin, from Latin iris, irid– ‘rainbow’ (so named because it forms compounds of various colours).
    — Oxford English Dictionary 

    Four

    What is the common name for the bird pictured at the top of this post?

    Answer: Rainbow lorikeet.

    Rainbow lorikeets (Trichoglossus moluccanus), a parrot species native to Australia, inhabit rainforests, coastal bush, and woodlands along the eastern seaboard. Rainbow lorikeets are medium-sized parrots with bright, colourful plumage. Males and females are visually indistinguishable, requiring surgical sexing or DNA analysis to determine sex.

    Five

    A ballad by Harold Arlen with lyrics by Yip Harburg was written for a 1939 film where it would be sung by a character whose name in part is ‘Gale’. The song contains a reference to bluebirds. 

    • What is the song?
    • What is the full name of ‘Gale’?
    • What is the film?

    Answers

    • Over the Rainbow
    • Dorothy Gale
    • The Wizard of Oz

    Over the Rainbow, a ballad by Harold Arlen and Yip Harburg, was sung by Judy Garland in The Wizard of Oz (1939). It won an Academy Award, became Garland’s signature song, and was inducted into the National Recording Registry in 2017 for its cultural significance.

    Over the Rainbow

    Somewhere over the rainbow way up high
    There’s a land that I heard of once in a lullaby
    Somewhere over the rainbow skies are blue
    And the dreams that you dare to dream really do come true 

    Someday I’ll wish upon a star
    And wake up where the clouds are far
    Behind me
    Where troubles melt like lemon drops
    Away above the chimney tops
    That’s where you’ll find me 

    Somewhere over the rainbow bluebirds fly
    Birds fly over the rainbow
    Why then, oh, why can’t I? 

    If happy little bluebirds fly
    Beyond the rainbow
    Why, oh, why can’t I?
    — AZ Lyrics

    ROYGBIV

    The mnemonic ROYGBIV helps remember the colours of the rainbow: Richard of York gave battle in vain.

    (mnemonic) A mnemonic phrase to help remember the order of the seven colours of the rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet.
    Wiktionary

  • ROYGBIV

    See question four. …? (Trichoglossus moluccanus moluccanus), Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Image Wikimedia Commons

    The first question concerns today’s date, 10th July. The others aren’t date-related but connect to the first.

    One

    On 10 July 1985, the flagship of a campaigning organisation sank after explosions caused by two bombs planted by agents of the Directorate General for External Security.  Four questions:

    • What was the name of the ship? 
    • For what campaigning organisation was it the flagship?
    • At a harbour in what city did the sinking occur?
    • What nationality was the organisation which planted the bombs?

    Two

    This 1947 musical is set in ‘Missitucky’, U.S. and features a newly arrived Irishman, his daughter and a leprechaun named Og. What is this musical?

    Three

    Which metallic element derives its name from the Greek goddess of the rainbow?

    Four

    What is the common name for the bird pictured at the top of this post?

    Five

    A ballad by Harold Arlen with lyrics by Yip Harburg was written for a 1939 film where it would be sung by a character whose name in part is ‘Gale’. The song contains a reference to bluebirds. 

    • What is the song?
    • What is the full name of ‘Gale’?
    • What is the film?

    Good luck! I’ll post the answers later.

  • If a face could launch a thousand ships — Answers

    Here are the answers to today’s questions.

    Telly Savalas in On Her Majesty’s Secret Service.
    Image liveabout.com

    Today’s questions are neither date related nor themed.

    One

    By what two initials is chronic fatigue syndrome commonly known?

    Answer: ME.

    Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic illness causing severe fatigue, sleep, and memory issues, worsened by activity (PEM). Its cause is unknown, often following infections, with genetic factors. Diagnosis relies on symptoms, as no tests exist. Treatment focuses on symptom relief, with pacing and counselling beneficial.
    ME/CFS significantly impacts society and the economy, with symptoms causing social isolation. A quarter of sufferers are bedridden or housebound. Stigma in healthcare and controversies over its cause and treatments complicate care. Doctors often lack familiarity due to limited medical school coverage, and research funding is historically inadequate.

    Two

    What American actor, a television detective and a Bond villain, had a U.K. number one with If in 1975?

    Answer: Telly Savalas.

    Aristotelis ‘Telly’ Savalas (1922–1994) was an American actor and singer, active from 1950 to 1994, renowned for his bald head and deep voice. He gained fame as Lt. Theo Kojak in Kojak (1973–1978) and as James Bond’s nemesis Ernst Stavro Blofeld in On Her Majesty’s Secret Service (1969). Savalas starred in films like Birdman of Alcatraz, earning an Academy Award nomination. He was married three times, had six children, and served in the U.S. Army. He released a cover of Bread’s If in 1975, which topped the UK charts.

    Three

    What is the birth name of author Lee Child, and who is the main fictional character he is known for?

    Answers: James ‘Jim’ Grant; Jack Reacher.

    The Jack Reacher series by Lee Child (Jim Grant) includes 30 books and a short story collection as of November 2025. It follows Jack Reacher, a former major in the U.S. Army Military Police Corps turned drifter, solving dangerous situations across the U.S. and internationally. The series has been adapted into films and a TV series.

    Four

    …▸ noun an edible bivalve mollusc with a ribbed fan-shaped shell. …s swim by rapidly opening and closing the shell valves

    — Oxford English Dictionary

    Which word, appearing twice in the definition above, has been removed?

    Answer: Scallop.

    scallop ▸ noun an edible bivalve mollusc with a ribbed fan-shaped shell. Scallops swim by rapidly opening and closing the shell valves. Family Pectinidae: Chlamys, Pecten, and other genera.

    ▪ short for scallop shell ▪ a small pan or dish shaped like a scallop shell and used for baking or serving food.

    — Oxford English Dictionary

    Five

    The lightest halogen, which is a pale yellow gas with the atomic number 9, is a highly reactive chemical element?

    Answer: Fluorine.

    Fluorine, atomic number 9, is a reactive, pale yellow gas, first isolated in 1886. It’s used in uranium enrichment, steelmaking, pharmaceuticals, with global sales over $15 billion annually. Fluorocarbon gases, with global-warming potentials 100 to 23,500 times that of CO2, persist environmentally due to strong bonds. Organofluorine compounds are toxic, produced by some plants and marine sponges.

    If a face could launch a thousand ships

    The post title is a line from If the song referred to in question two. If is a 1971 song written by David Gates and popularised by his band Bread.

  • If a face could launch a thousand ships

    Image liveabout.com

    Today’s questions are neither date related nor themed.

    One

    By what two initials is chronic fatigue syndrome commonly known?

    Two

    What American actor, a television detective and a Bond villain, had a U.K. number one with If in 1975?

    Three

    What is the birth name of author Lee Child, and who is the main fictional character he is known for?

    Four

    …▸ noun an edible bivalve mollusc with a ribbed fan-shaped shell. …s swim by rapidly opening and closing the shell valves

    — Oxford English Dictionary

    Which word, appearing twice in the definition above, has been removed?

    Five

    The lightest halogen, which is a pale yellow gas with the atomic number 9, is a highly reactive chemical element?

    Good luck! I’ll post the answers later.

  • Come Hell or High Water — Answers

    Here are the answers to today’s questions.

    HMS Challenger, 1858 by William Frederick Mitchell.
    Orginaly published in the Royal Navy in a series of illustrations.
    Image Wikimedia Commons

    Today’s first question concerns the date May 26th. The subsequent questions share a theme established in the first one.

    One

    On 26 May 1876, HMS Challenger returned to Great Britain from a three-and-a-half-year, groundbreaking oceanographic expedition which circumnavigated the Earth. How many miles or kilometres, to the nearest 1,000, did the ship sail on its voyage?

    Answer: 79,000 miles or 128,000 kilometres.

    The Challenger expedition (1872–1876), led by Captain George Nares and supervised by Sir Charles Wyville Thomson, was a groundbreaking scientific programme that established oceanography. HMS Challenger, a joint effort by the British Admiralty and the Royal Society, travelled 68,890 nautical miles (79,278 miles or 127,584 kilometres), cataloguing over 4,000 unknown species, collecting ocean floor samples, measuring depths, and recording currents. It was the first to photograph icebergs and approached Antarctica, significantly advancing planetary knowledge.

    Two

    These three points all relate to the same person, there are three answers.

    • What is the name of the explorer and navigator after whom the Americas are named?
    • In what modern country is his birthplace?
    • What two countries sponsored his voyages?

    Answers.

    • Amerigo Vespucci
    • Italy
    • Spain and Portugal

    America is named after Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512), an Italian explorer from the Republic of Florence. He participated in voyages for Spain (1499–1500) and Portugal (1501–1502) during the Age of Discovery. Two booklets published under his name in 1503 and 1505 described these explorations, although their authorship is disputed. Vespucci argued that Brazil was part of a previously unknown continent—the ‘New World’—which inspired the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller to use the name ‘America’, the Latinised feminine form of Amerigo, on his 1507 world map.

    Three

    These three points all relate to the same person, there is only one answer.

    • Edgar Allan Poe dedicated his final major work Eureka: A Prose Poem to this scientist and explorer
    • The same explorer authored the five-volume treatise Kosmos (1845-62)
    • Charles Darwin read and referenced Helen Maria Williams’s English translation of this explorer’s Relation historique du voyage aux régions équinoxiales du nouveau continent during his voyage on the HMS Beagle.

    Which explorer do the above all refer to?

    Answer: Alexander von Humboldt.

    Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) was a German naturalist and explorer renowned for advancing geography, biogeography, and Earth sciences. Initially a restless student, he became passionate about botany, mineralogy, and geology, later joining the Prussian Mining Department. Driven by scientific ambition, he financed and undertook a five-year expedition (1799–1804) across Central and South America with Aimé Bonpland, studying flora, fauna, rivers, mountains, and the Humboldt Current. His discoveries, measurements, and writings, notably Kosmos, profoundly popularised science worldwide.

    Four

    How many years did Marco Polo spend travelling across Asia?

    Answer: 24 years.

    Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant and adventurer who travelled across Asia from 1271 to 1295, spending 17 years in China under the rule of Kublai Khan. Accompanying his father and uncle along the Silk Road, he journeyed through Persia, Central Asia, and the Gobi Desert before reaching the Mongol court. His experiences were recorded in Il milione(The Travels of Marco Polo), one of history’s most influential travel books, introducing Europeans to the cultures, cities, and wealth of Asia.

    Five

    In what century did a Greek explorer first visit the British Isles?

    Answer: 4th century BCE.

    Pytheas was a Greek navigator, geographer, and astronomer from Massalia (Marseille) who explored northern Europe around 325 BC. Sailing beyond the Mediterranean into the Atlantic, he visited Spain, Brittany, Cornwall, and much of Britain, accurately estimating distances and Britain’s circumference. Although his book On the Ocean is lost, later writers preserved his observations on tides, polar ice, the midnight sun, and northern peoples. His voyages greatly expanded Greek knowledge of Europe and the far north.

  • Come Hell or High Water

    HMS Challenger, 1858 by William Frederick Mitchell.
    Orginaly published in the Royal Navy in a series of illustrations.
    Image Wikimedia Commons

    Today’s first question concerns the date May 26th. The subsequent questions share a theme established in the first one.

    One

    On 26 May 1876, HMS Challenger returned to Great Britain from a three-and-a-half-year, groundbreaking oceanographic expedition which circumnavigated the Earth. How many miles or kilometres, to the nearest 1,000, did the ship sail on its voyage?

    Two

    These three points all relate to the same person, and there are three answers.

    • What is the name of the explorer and navigator after whom the Americas are named?
    • In what modern country is his birthplace?
    • What two countries sponsored his voyages?

    Three

    These three points all relate to the same person, there is only one answer..

    • Edgar Allan Poe dedicated his final major work Eureka: A Prose Poem to this scientist and explorer
    • The same explorer authored the five-volume treatise Kosmos (1845-62)
    • Charles Darwin read and referenced Helen Maria Williams’s English translation of this explorer’s Relation historique du voyage aux régions équinoxiales du nouveau continent during his voyage on the HMS Beagle.

    Which explorer do the above all refer to?

    Four

    How many years did Marco Polo spend travelling across Asia?

    Five

    In what century did a Greek explorer first visit the British Isles?

    Good luck! I’ll post the answers later.